Managing 3D GIS Data for Indoor Environment Using Property Graph Database

Abstract

With the diversification of three-dimensional (3D) urban space data sources and data collection methods, the Open Geospatial Consortium published 3D spatial data standards in Geography Markup Language (GML). Among them, IndoorGML is a data model for expressing the topological relationship between indoor spaces with advantages in terms of semantic information storage and navigation applications. Conversion into a suitable binary file must be accomplished to use the IndoorGML documents through integration with other data. This study proposes a method of generating graph database objects from the documents of IndoorGML to promote usability and interoperability. The labeled property graph model is designed to reflect IndoorGML's multilayered graph concept. Moreover, in the proposed graph model, the geometry of physical indoor spaces is segregated into separate surfaces. All elements from IndoorGML are managed with specific labels in Neo4j, the most dominant graph database. By applying the proposed method, the graph database is constructed using the officially distributed IndoorGML documents of three buildings. The number of generated graph objects is determined to confirm whether the IndoorGML features are accurately converted into graph database objects. Furthermore, the utility of the constructed graph database is verified through two scenario-based routing tests consisting of finding the optimal room with the lowest route cost and allocating indoor spaces for patrolling to outdoor security offices through indoor and outdoor data integration. In conclusion, this study confirms that the utility of IndoorGML can be promoted using a graph database system in data integration, data queries, and pathfinding applications while preserving data topology and interoperability.