Effect of Electron-Withdrawing Chlorine Substituent on Morphological and Photovoltaic Properties of All Chlorinated D-A-Type Quinoxaline-Based Polymers
- Authors
- Lee, Seok Woo; Shin, Hee Jeong; Park, Byoungwook; Shome, Sanchari; Whang, Dong Ryeol; Bae, Hyemin; Chung, Sein; Cho, Kilwon; Ko, Seo-Jin; Choi, Hyosung; Chang, Dong Wook
- Issue Date
- May-2022
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society
- Keywords
- chlorine atom; conventional device; electron-withdrawing substituent; polymer solar cells; quinoxaline
- Citation
- ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, v.14, no.17, pp.19785 - 19794
- Indexed
- SCIE
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces
- Volume
- 14
- Number
- 17
- Start Page
- 19785
- End Page
- 19794
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/hanyang/handle/2021.sw.hanyang/138620
- DOI
- 10.1021/acsami.2c00764
- ISSN
- 1944-8244
- Abstract
- The choice of the chlorine (Cl) atom as an electron-withdrawing substituent in conjugated polymers leads to a higher potential in the commercialization of polymer solar cells than its fluorine counterpart because of the versatility and cost-effectiveness of the chlorination process. In addition, the population and location of Cl substituents can significantly influence the photovoltaic characteristics of polymers. In this study, three chlorinated quinoxaline-based polymers were invented to examine the numerical and positioning effects of the Cl atom on their photovoltaic characteristics. The number of Cl substituents in the reference polymer, PBCl-Qx, was adjusted to three: two Cl atoms in the benzodithiophene-type D unit and one Cl atom in the quinoxaline-type A unit. Subsequently, two more Cl atoms were selectively introduced at the 4- and 5-positions of the alkylated thiophene moieties at the 2,3-positions of the quinoxaline moiety in PBCl-Qx to obtain the additional polymers PBCl-Qx4Cl and PBCl-Qx5Cl, respectively. The conventional PBCl-Qx4Cl device exhibited a better power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.95% as compared to those of PBCl-Qx (12.44%) and PBCl-Qx5Cl (11.82%) devices. The highest PCE of the device with PBCl-Qx4Cl was ascribed to an enhancement in the open-circuit voltage and fill factor induced by the deeper energy level of the highest occupied molecular orbital and the favorable morphological features in its blended film with Y6.
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