Design of Nonfused Nonfullerene Acceptors Based on Pyrido- or Benzothiadiazole Cores for Organic Solar Cells
- Authors
- Hussain, Md Waseem; Shin, Hee Jeong; Lee, Bo Ram; Ak, Metin; Ko, Seo-Jin; Lee, Jaewon; Choi, Hyosung
- Issue Date
- Feb-2022
- Publisher
- AMER CHEMICAL SOC
- Keywords
- nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs); benzothiadiazole (BT); pyridothiadiazole (PT); A-D-A ' -D-A; organic solar cells; cost-effective
- Citation
- ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS, v.5, no.2, pp.2202 - 2210
- Indexed
- SCIE
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
- Volume
- 5
- Number
- 2
- Start Page
- 2202
- End Page
- 2210
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/hanyang/handle/2021.sw.hanyang/139576
- DOI
- 10.1021/acsaem.1c03741
- ISSN
- 2574-0962
- Abstract
- Nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) have received tremendous attention due to their significant contributions to the field of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the synthetic complexities of large fused-ring conjugated structures in typical NFAs limit their commercial applicability. Thus, a low-cost design strategy with synthetic simplicity and admirable absorption characteristics is highly desirable. In the present work, we report the synthesis of two nonfused NFAs, namely, 2,2′-((([1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4,7-diylbis(4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b′]dithiophene-6,2-diyl))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile (WHC-1) and 2,2′-(((benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole-4,7-diylbis(4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b′]dithiophene-6,2-diyl))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile (WHC-4), based on altering the central acceptor core (A′) with a pyrido- or benzothiadiazole (PT/BT) ring, keeping identical donor (D) bridges and end-capping acceptors (A's). The tuning of the central core with PT/BT altered the optical properties, highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels, and fine-tuning in the molecular crystallinities. Moreover, a significant difference in the photovoltaic performance with decent power conversion efficiencies of 6.6% and 9.3% was achieved by WHC-1 and WHC-4, respectively, using a well-known polymer donor PM6. The results demonstrated the utility of A-D-A′-D-A type nonfused NFAs with broadband absorption spanning from 300 to 960 nm for high-performance OSCs. Furthermore, the scope of the development in A-D-A′-D-A type NFAs using appropriate building blocks can lead to a great breakthrough in OSCs.
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