Combining LSB embedding with modified Octa-PVD embedding
- Authors
- Kang, Sanghoon; Park, Hanhoon; Park, Jong-Il
- Issue Date
- Aug-2020
- Publisher
- SPRINGER
- Keywords
- Image steganography; Least significant bit (LSB); Pixel value difference (PVD); Data hiding; Multi-directional embedding; Content-adaptive embedding
- Citation
- MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS, v.79, no.29-30, pp.21155 - 21175
- Indexed
- SCIE
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS
- Volume
- 79
- Number
- 29-30
- Start Page
- 21155
- End Page
- 21175
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/hanyang/handle/2021.sw.hanyang/145277
- DOI
- 10.1007/s11042-020-08925-3
- ISSN
- 1380-7501
- Abstract
- This paper proposes a new image steganographic method that effectively combines LSB embedding with Octa-PVD embedding. A cover image is divided into non-overlapping 3 x 3 sub-blocks, the n least significant bits of the center pixel of each sub-block is first substituted by secret data (n-LSB substitution). Then, the differences between the center pixel and its eight neighbors are calculated. For each direction, if the difference is equal or larger than a threshold (predefined by users or automatically determined by image analysis), secret data is embedded into the neighbor pixel by n-LSB substitution. Otherwise, secret data is embedded by PVD embedding, but into the neighbor pixel only. Consequently, depending on the conditions of each sub-block, a single embedding method can be used to the whole sub-block, or two embedding methods can be used alternately within a sub-block. Comparisons with existing LSB or multi-directional PVD embedding methods demonstrate that the proposed method has more optimized and higher embedding capacity and PSNR.
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