초미세먼지 농도와 지하철 이용량의 관계분석과 미세먼지 대응정책의 실효성 평가

Abstract

본 연구의 목적은 위와 같은 가설을 검증하기 위해 초미세먼지 농도가 지하철 이용량에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 한다. 구체적으로 본 연구에서는 통근 및 통학 목적의 통행이 주로발생하는 오전 첨두 시간에 집중하여 초미세먼지로 인한 수단전환 측면을 보고자 한다. 부가적으로 본 연구에서는 초미세먼지저감을 위한 대중교통 활성화 정책에 해당하는 미세먼지 비상저감 조치, 대중교통 무료 정책의 실효성을 평가하고자 한다.

Recently, as the attention of fine dust (PM2.5) has increased, and the intensity of it is getting worse, government-led transportation policies such as free public transportation have been implemented to reduce PM2.5. Despite the efforts and massive budget, however, the public transportation policy to reduce PM2.5 has not been fully validated. This study examines the impact of PM2.5 on the transportation mode choice focusing on subway ridership and evaluates the effectiveness of public transportation promoting policy. This study uses daily PM2.5 data and subway ridership data from 2015 to 2019 in Seoul, Korea. As a result, this study found that subway ridership decreased as PM2.5 increased. Considering that walking is involved in taking the subway, and direct exposure to PM2.5 is high during walking, individuals seemed to choose alternative modes to minimize exposure. This tendency had become stronger as awareness of PM2.5 had increased in recent years. Next, this study indicated that individuals responded to PM2.5 only when they perceived it was serious. Lastly, the free public transportation promoting policy, as one of the policies related to the PM2.5 reduction measures, was not much effective. The results of this study should be considered for future transportation policies to cope with the PM2.5 problem.