Hand-Holding during Cystoscopy Decreases Patient Anxiety, Pain, and Dissatisfaction: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.
- Authors
- Kwon, Whi-An; Lee, Jae Whan; Seo, Ho Kyung; Oh, Tae Hoon; Park, Seung Chol; Jeong, Hee Jong; Seo, Ill Young
- Issue Date
- Dec-2018
- Publisher
- KARGER
- Keywords
- Anxiety; Cystoscopy; Dissatisfaction; Hand-holding; Pain; Psychooncology
- Citation
- UROLOGIA INTERNATIONALIS, v.100, no.2, pp.222 - 227
- Indexed
- SCIE
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- UROLOGIA INTERNATIONALIS
- Volume
- 100
- Number
- 2
- Start Page
- 222
- End Page
- 227
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/hanyang/handle/2021.sw.hanyang/148753
- DOI
- 10.1159/000485745
- ISSN
- 0042-1138
- Abstract
- Objective: Often a sick or an anxious person can experience pain or anxiety relief if another person holds his or her hand. In this study, we conducted investigations to determine whether hand-holding during cystoscopy decreases patient anxiety, pain, and dissatisfaction while at the same time increasing patient comfort and tolerance during the procedure. Patients and Methods: Eighty-six male patients who underwent flexible cystoscopy between November 2015 and March 2017 were randomized as follows: hand-holding (group I, n = 43) or non-hand-holding (group II, n = 43) during the procedure. Before flexible cystoscopy, lidocaine gel was instilled in the urethra. Patients’ anxiety levels were quantified using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. A visual analog scale (0–10) was used for self-assessment of satisfaction, discomfort, and willingness to undergo repeat cystoscopy. Results: Demographic characteristics, mean age, procedure duration, procedure indications, and preprocedural analyses did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. In group I, the postprocedural mean anxiety level, pain score, heart rate, and systolic blood pressure were significantly lower compared with those in group II (p = 0.009, p = 0.003, p = 0.022, and p = 0.014, respectively). In group I, postprocedural mean satisfaction score were higher, and patients were more likely to undergo a repeat cystoscopy, compared with those in group II (p = 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively). Conclusions: Hand-holding during cystoscopy significantly reduced patients’ feelings of anxiety, pain, discomfort, and dissatisfaction. Hand-holding served as a simple, inexpensive, and effective adjunct to sedation during cystoscopy.
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