Bacteroides fragilis Enterotoxin Upregulates Heme Oxygenase-1 in Intestinal Epithelial Cells via a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase- and NF-kappa B-Dependent Pathway, Leading to Modulation of Apoptosisopen access
- Authors
- Ko, Su Hyuk; Rho, Da Jeong; Jeon, Jong Ik; Kim, Young-Jeon; Woo, Hyun Ae; Lee, Yun Kyung; Kim, Jung Mogg
- Issue Date
- Sep-2016
- Publisher
- AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
- Citation
- INFECTION AND IMMUNITY, v.84, no.9, pp.2541 - 2554
- Indexed
- SCIE
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
- Volume
- 84
- Number
- 9
- Start Page
- 2541
- End Page
- 2554
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/hanyang/handle/2021.sw.hanyang/154020
- DOI
- 10.1128/IAI.00191-16
- ISSN
- 0019-9567
- Abstract
- The Bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin (BFT), a virulence factor of enterotoxigenic B. fragilis (ETBF), interacts with intestinal epithelial cells and can provoke signals that induce mucosal inflammation. Although expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is associated with regulation of inflammatory responses, little is known about HO-1 induction in ETBF infection. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of BFT on HO-1 expression in intestinal epithelial cells. Stimulation of intestinal epithelial cells with BFT resulted in upregulated expression of HO-1. BFT activated transcription factors such as NF-kappa B, AP-1, and Nrf2 in intestinal epithelial cells. Upregulation of HO-1 in intestinal epithelial cells was dependent on activated I kappa B kinase (IKK)-NF-kappa B signals. However, suppression of Nrf2 or AP-1 signals in intestinal epithelial cells did not result in significant attenuation of BFT-induced HO-1 expression. HO-1 induction via IKK-NF-kappa B in intestinal epithelial cells was regulated by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Furthermore, suppression of HO-1 activity led to increased apoptosis in BFT-stimulated epithelial cells. These results suggest that a signaling pathway involving p38 MAPK-IKK-NF-kappa B in intestinal epithelial cells is required for HO-1 induction during exposure to BFT. Following this induction, increased HO-1 expression may regulate the apoptotic process in responses to BFT stimulation.
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