Implication of different initial beta blockers on treatment persistence: atenolol vs new-generation beta blocker, a population-based study

Abstract

Aim Potential heterogeneity within the same class of drug in terms of persistence may lead to different clinical implications. Given that the increased risks of mortality and cardiovascular events are due, in part, to the lack of persistent use of antihypertensive medications, the objective of this study was to evaluate 1-year persistence of new-generation beta blockers compared to atenolol in antihypertensive treatment-naïve patients.

Methods A total of 9978 patients aged 18 years or older with hypertension newly diagnosed in 2012, without hypertension-related complication and initiated treatment with beta blocker monotherapy during 2012 were included in the analysis. Rate and duration of treatment and drug persistence were compared between atenolol and new-generation beta blockers. Hazards of discontinuation in nonatenolol compared to atenolol were evaluated using a multivariate Cox proportional model.

Results The rate of treatment persistence was higher in the nonatenolol group (57.35% vs 53.40%, P<.0001), and the time to treatment discontinuation was earlier in the atenolol group with a minimal difference in the average (243.2 vs 254 days, P<.0001). New-generation beta blockers demonstrated a lower risk of treatment discontinuation (HR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.86–0.96) compared to atenolol; a notable improvement was observed with carvedilol and nebivolol (HR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.69–0.80 and HR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.70–0.89, respectively), whereas betaxolol showed a substantially greater hazard for discontinuation compared to atenolol.

Conclusions This study demonstrated a meaningful improvement in treatment persistence with new-generation beta blockers compared to atenolol, with betaxolol as exception.