The high Energy density of Pb(Zr1-xTix)O-3-Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O-3 ceramics for piezoelectric energy harvesting devices

Abstract

The energy density of 0.65Pb(Zr1-xTix)-0.35Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O-3 [0.65P(Z(1-x)T(x))-0.35PNN] ceramics has been investigated with respect to their structural variations. The 0.65P(Z(1-x)T(x))-0.35PNN ceramic with x = 0.58 exhibited a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB), in which pseudo-cubic and tetragonal structures coexisted. The epsilon(33) T/epsilon(0) value of the 0.65P(Z(1-x)T(x))-0.35PNN ceramic decreased considerably on the pseudo-cubic side of the MPB composition, while the d(33) slowly decreased on both sides of the MPB. Because the g(33) is given by d(33)/epsilon(33) T, the maximum transduction coefficient (d(33) x g(33)) was obtained from the composition on the pseudo-cubic side of the MPB. In particular, the 0.65P(Z(0.45)T(0.55))-0.35PNN (0.65PZT55-0.35PNN) ceramic with a pseudo-cubic structure showed the maximum d(33) x g(33) value of 16,500 x 10(-15) m(2)/N. Moreover, the 0.65PZT55-0.35PNN ceramics with 1.5 mol% CuO added were well sintered even at 950 degrees C, and also exhibited a high d(33) x g(33) value of 15,853 x 10(-15) m(2)/N, indicating that the 0.65PZT55-0.35PNN ceramic with CuO added is a good candidate material for multilayer energy harvesting devices.