Enhancement of anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive actions of red ginseng extract by fermentation
- Authors
- Jung, Hyun-Joo; Choi, Hojin; Lim, Hye-Won; Shin, Daehyun; Kim, Hacksoo; Kwon, Bin; Lee, Jong Eun; Park, Eun-Hee; Lim, Chang-Jin
- Issue Date
- May-2012
- Publisher
- WILEY
- Keywords
- anti-inflammatory; antinociceptive; Bifidobacterium; fermentation; red ginseng
- Citation
- JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY, v.64, no.5, pp.756 - 762
- Indexed
- SCIE
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY
- Volume
- 64
- Number
- 5
- Start Page
- 756
- End Page
- 762
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/hanyang/handle/2021.sw.hanyang/165669
- DOI
- 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2012.01460.x
- ISSN
- 0022-3573
- Abstract
- Objectives This work aimed to compare some pharmacological properties of red ginseng extract (RG) and fermented red ginseng extract (FRG). Methods Antinociceptive activity was analysed using the acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction response. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using acetic acid-induced vascular permeability and carrageenan-induced inflammation in the air pouch, and analysed through the measurement of nitrite content in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cells. Anti-angiogenic activity was determined using the chick chorioallantoicmembrane assay. Key findings In-vivo anti-inflammatory activity of FRG was stronger than that of RG in two animal models, vascular permeability and air-pouch models. In the vascular permeabilitymodel, the doses of RG and FRG required for half-maximal inhibition (IC50) were 181 and 59 mg/ kg, respectively. FRG exhibited significantly stronger antinociceptive activity than RG. In the acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction response, the IC50 values of RG and FRG were 153 and 27 mg/ kg, respectively. Although both RG and FRG were able to suppress production of nitric oxide in the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells, the suppressive activity of FRG appeared to be stronger than that of RG. However, RG and FRG showed similar anti-angiogenic activity. Conclusions FRG possesses enhanced anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity but similar anti-angiogenic activity than RG.
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