A Newly Identified CG301269 Improves Lipid and Glucose Metabolism Without Body Weight Gain Through Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor alpha and gamma

Abstract

OBJECTIVE-Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)alpha/gamma dual agonists have been developed to alleviate metabolic disorders. However, several PPAR alpha/gamma dual agonists are accompanied with unwanted side effects, including body weight gain, edema, and tissue failure. This study investigated the effects of a novel PPAR alpha/gamma dual agonist, CG301269, on metabolic disorders both in vitro and in vivo. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-Function of CG301269 as a PPAR alpha/gamma dual agonist was assessed in vitro by luciferase reporter assay, mammalian one-hybrid assay, and analyses of PPAR target genes. In vitro profiles on fatty acid oxidation and inflammatory responses were acquired by fatty acid oxidation assay and quantitative (q)RT-PCR of proinflammatory genes. In vivo effect of CG301269 was examined in db/db mice. Total body weight and various tissue weights were measured, and hepatic lipid profiles were analyzed. Systemic glucose and insulin tolerance were measured, and the in vivo effect of CG301269 on metabolic genes and proinflammatory genes was examined by qRT-PCR. RESULTS-CG301269 selectively stimulated the transcriptional activities of PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma. CG301269 enhanced fatty acid oxidation in vitro and ameliorated insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia in vivo. In db/db mice, CG301269 reduced inflammatory responses and fatty liver, without body weight gain. CONCLUSIONS-We demonstrate that CG301269 exhibits beneficial effects on glucose and lipid metabolism by simultaneous activation of both PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma. Our data suggest that CG301269 would be a potential lead compound against obesity and related metabolic disorders. Diabetes 60:496-506, 2011