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國際的 訴訟競合을 둘러싼 몇 가지 問題點 -國際民事訴訟原則과의 整合性을 中心으로-

Authors
한충수
Issue Date
Dec-2009
Publisher
한국국제사법학회
Keywords
국제적 소송경합; 승인예측설; 국제재판관할; 소송물의 동일성; 소송계속시점; 불편의 법정지 이론; International lis pendens; recogntion prediction theory; international jurisdiction; identity of litigation matter; time of litigation pending; forum non conveniens
Citation
국제사법연구, no.16, pp 305 - 318
Pages
14
Indexed
KCICANDI
Journal Title
국제사법연구
Number
16
Start Page
305
End Page
318
URI
https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/hanyang/handle/2021.sw.hanyang/169438
ISSN
1738-6306
Abstract
國際的訴訟競合이라는 하나의 문제를 해결하는 데도 訴訟制度의 통일적인 마련이 없이는 완전한 해결이 불가능하다. 특히 大陸法係와 英美法係간의 간극은 訴의 先後 把握이나 訴訟物의 同一性 여부에 대한 판단과 같이 기본적인 문제에 있어서조차 타협이 이루어지지 않고 있어 국제적인 기준의 설정 자체가어려운 실정이다. 결국 단계적으로나마 유사한 법 체계를 갖고 있는 나라 사이의 양자조약 형태로나마 통일된 기준을 마련할 필요가 있다고 생각된다. 이러한 차원에서 한?일간의 兩者條約의 필요성은 再言을 요하지 않을 것이다. 그 전단계로서 양국이 갖고 있는 고유한 국제재판관할의 원칙을 明文化하는 과정에서 상호의 입장을 최대한 배려하는 노력이 필요하다고 판단된다. 日本의 국제재판관할과 관련된 입법노력은 이러한 차원에서 매우 고무적인일이 아닐 수 없으며 그 과정에서 만들어진 中間試案에 대해 한국 측의 일부학자들이 개괄적인 의견을 개진했던 것 역시 매우 의미 있는 일이었다고 생각된다. 특히 國際的訴訟競合과 관련해서만 본다면 承認豫測을 전제로 訴訟節次의 中止를 明文化하고자 한 중간시안의 입장은 우리에게 시사하는 바가 매우컸다. 더구나 그 뒤의 1次 要綱案에서 제시된 내용은 中間試案과 달리 承認豫測 상황에만 구속되지 않고 日本과 外國 法院의 裁判 상황 등을 추가적으로 고려하도록 한 점에서 바람직한 방향 설정이었다고 생각된다. 그러나 最終 要綱案에서 이 부분에 관한 명시적인 규율을 포기한 것은 우리로서는 매우 유감스러운 일이 아닐 수 없다. 日本의 입법노력에 자극을 받은 韓國에서도 좀 더 精緻하고 國際的인 整合性을 가진 입법을 위한 노력이 필요함에도 불구하고 현재 韓國의 法院이나 法務部는 關聯 立法의 必要性을 切感하지 못하고 있는 것 같아 매우 안타깝다. 國際裁判管轄과 관련된 事件이 매우 드물다는 이유를 표면적으로 들고 있으나 國際私法 제2조의 實質的 關聯性 규정이 너무도 탄력적이라 法院으로서는 精緻한 規定의 필요성을 별로 느끼지 못하는 것으로 생각된다. 동 규정이 과도기적 형태의 입법이었다는 점을 잊고 있는 것이 아닌가 하는 疑懼心을 갖게 된다.
Even in solving the one problem of international lis pendens, it is impossible to make a compete solution without a unified procedural system. Especially, the distance between common law and civil law is so big and there is no compromise even with the basic problems of the time order of lawsuit and the determination of the identity of litigation matter. Therefore, it is necessary to begin with bilateral conventions between countries that have similar legal systems. In doing so, it goes without saying that it is necessary to have a Korea-Japan bilateral convention. The step preceding this process is for each Korea and Japan to create an expressly written law of international jurisdiction. In this preceding process, it is important to make efforts to consider each country’s positions carefully. In this plain, Japan’s legislation effort related to international jurisdiction is very provoking, and it is also very meaningful that some scholars in Korea stated opinions on the preliminary draft that was prepared in the process. Specially if we only look in relation to international lis pendens, the preliminary draft’s position which tried to provide expressly the stop of procedure under the premise of the expectation of recognition had many meanings to us. Moreover, it was a desirable direction that the later made proposal in the first summary draft made Japanese law to consider Japanese and foreign country courts’ status of litigation in addition, unlike the preliminary draft. However, the final proposal draft’s giving up of an express provision on this part is very undesirable for us. Even in solving the one problem of international lis pendens, it is impossible to make a compete solution without a unified procedural system. Especially, the distance between common law and civil law is so big and there is no compromise even with the basic problems of the time order of lawsuit and the determination of the identity of litigation matter. Therefore, it is necessary to begin with bilateral conventions between countries that have similar legal systems. In doing so, it goes without saying that it is necessary to have a Korea-Japan bilateral convention. The step preceding this process is for each Korea and Japan to create an expressly written law of international jurisdiction. In this preceding process, it is important to make efforts to consider each country’s positions carefully. In this plain, Japan’s legislation effort related to international jurisdiction is very provoking, and it is also very meaningful that some scholars in Korea stated opinions on the preliminary draft that was prepared in the process. Specially if we only look in relation to international lis pendens, the preliminary draft’s position which tried to provide expressly the stop of procedure under the premise of the expectation of recognition had many meanings to us. Moreover, it was a desirable direction that the later made proposal in the first summary draft made Japanese law to consider Japanese and foreign country courts’ status of litigation in addition, unlike the preliminary draft. However, the final proposal draft’s giving up of an express provision on this part is very undesirable for us.
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