Impact of antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants on the performance of fecal immunochemical tests: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background Antithrombotic agents may increase the bleeding tendency and affect the performance of fecal immunochemical test (FIT). We aimed to evaluate the impact of antithrombotic agents on the performance of FIT through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods All relevant studies published between January 1980 and September 2020 that examined the diagnostic performance of FIT were searched through MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases. We performed a meta-analysis for the positive predictive value (PPV) of FIT for detecting advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACRN) or colorectal cancer (CRC) according to the administration of antithrombotic agents including aspirin, antiplatelet agents, and oral anticoagulants (OACs). Results Thirteen studies with 27,518 patients were included. Of these, 11 studies with data required for the calculation of pooled PPV were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled PPV of FIT for detecting ACRN was significantly lower in antithrombotic agent users than in non-users (odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval [CI]]: aspirin, 0.82 [0.68-0.99]; antiplatelet agents, 0.82 [0.69-0.96]; OACs, 0.66 [0.52-0.84]). For detecting CRC, antithrombotic agent use tended to be associated with a reduced PPV (aspirin, 0.76 [0.51-1.14]; antiplatelet agents, 0.73 [0.52-1.02]; OACs, 0.60 [0.25-1.44]). In the subgroup analysis, a FIT cutoff value of 15 mu g Hb/g feces tended to be associated with lower PPVs compared to a value of 20 mu g Hb/g feces in antithrombotic agent users. Conclusions Aspirin, antiplatelet agents, and OACs significantly lowered the PPV of FIT for detecting ACRN. These drugs may increase the false-positive of FIT.