Carbon-integrated semiconductor photocatalysts for removal of volatile organic compounds in indoor environments

Abstract

The impacts of industrial expansion and urban residential development on sustainable and healthy indoor environments have raised concerns worldwide. Deteriorating indoor air quality has led to the development of various air purification technologies. This review summarizes the role of carbon-based materials in the development of photocatalytic air purification systems. Among carbon-based materials, metal–organic-frameworks (MOFs), activated carbon (AC), biochar, carbon quantum dots (CQDs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), graphitic carbon nitrides (g-CNs), conductive polymers (CPs), activated carbon fibers (ACFs), and MXene-integrated catalyst systems for VOC treatment have been discussed in detail. The electron transport properties, surface area, adsorption affinity, surface functional groups, and optoelectronic properties of carbon materials are explained in relation to VOC mineralization. The fundamentals of PCO, factors affecting the degradation performances of catalysts, and degradation mechanisms are discussed. The future of technology development in this area is discussed to drive research toward sustainable and healthy indoor air quality.