마당: 열림과 닫힘의 세미오시스

Abstract

Madang, a Korean traditional garden, is everywhere. Every place which are opened to man is a madang. Madang is the place of both opening and closing. Madang is widely opened. It has no boundary. Every man come and play there. Works, ceremonies, rituals, and practices - wedding ceremonies, pansory(a traditional Korean narrative song), gut(an exorcism by a shaman) performances, ancestor-memorial rituals, carnivals, administrations of local government, demonstrations by grassroots - are acted on it. Every man can meet a neighbor, a visitor, a clown, a lord, and God. It is emptied out as soon as any event is over. Madang is the place which memories and meanings are sliding endlessly. Madang is temporarily closed. The master or participator put up a fence around a madang rarely. Memories and meanings is anchored to context and world-view. Madang is a empty place which meanings is filled up while opening and closing synchronically/diachronically. The synchrony of madang is transformed into diachrony through the medium of memory. The diachrony of that is transferred into synchrony through the medium of structure. Diachronically, it has varied with world-view. In the age of Pungryu-do(ancient Korean traditional thought), madang was a sacred place which the God descend from Heaven. In the age of the coexistence of Buddhism and Pungryu-do, it was western pure-land(Heaven). In the age of Confucianism, it was the place of practice or resistance of Confucian ideology. Synchronically, in Korea, four madang - in body, in village, in nature, and in space is communicated reciprocally. Man as subject fills up meanings in madang. Madang is varied with subject's practices and intentionalities. Primary factors which form powers in madang are class, gender, age, (economic, symbolic, social, and cultural) capital. Madang is the place of struggle for memories and recognitions. Madang is connected to time by memories. Past, present, and future is co-existed in madang. History is not to remember the traces of past but to remember that of future and to re-construct the present.