바흐친을 통해 본 서구 지성의 ‘독백주의적’ 전통 - 소크라테스와 루소를 중심으로

Abstract

One of the main problems of this postmodern age is dualism, which bisects the world into two opposite parts. In this world, we still witness the endless conflicts between “the natives and the foreigners”, between “the friends and the foes”, between “the our forces and the enemies.” As F. Fanon emphasized, this dualistic tendency which regards their side as the good, the pure, the supreme, while regards the opposite side as the evil, the corrupt, the worst is “the European madness”. Then, when did it begin? From when did the European see this world from the viewpoint of the binary opposition? The main purpose of this paper is tracing the origin of the European madness with the help of M. Bakhtin. This is not only because his concept of ‘the monologism’ is very similar with the dogmatic exclusivism which composes the mentality of the European imperialism, but also because, via the monologism, we can accurately reveal the dangerous elements hidden in the European intellectuals' thoughts. For this, especially the ideas of Socrates and J-J. Rousseau, who were evaluated as the best teachers in the European intellectual history, will be thoroughly anatomized. And, as a conclusion, Bakhtin's ‘dialogism’ will be suggested as the effective antidote for this European madness.