Statistical Patterns in Consonant Cluster Simplification in Seoul Korean: Within-dialect interspeaker and intraspeaker variation

Abstract

This study examines how young speakers of Seoul Korean produce tri-consonantal clusters /lkt/ and /lpt/ as in palk-ta (‘to be bright’) and palp-ta (‘to step on’). Production data were collected from 20 speakers of Seoul Korean. The results of narrow transcription of the data showed that simplification is not obligatory as some speakers often preserve all three consonants. When simplified, there was a clear asymmetry between /lkt/ and /lpt/. Speakers showed no clear preference for either C1 preservation (C1=/l/) or C2 preservation (C2=/k/ in /lkt/ and /p/ in /lpt/) in production of /lkt/, but in production of /lpt/, strong preference was found for C1-preserved to C2-preserved variant. When compared with production data in Cho (1999), simplification patterns appear to have changed over the past 10 years, in a direction to preserve the first member of the cluster (/l/) more often, especially with /lkt/. There was no substantial between-item variation, indicating that simplification patterns are not lexically specified. Finally, the results suggest that the process of tri-consonantal simplification has not been fully phonologized in the grammar of the language as evident in substantial inter- and intra-speaker variation.