Two-dimensional nanosheets and membranes for their emerging technologies

Abstract

The number of potential applications of two-dimensional (2D) materials for energy-related applications has grown in recent years. Since the discovery of graphene nanosheets, feasible fabrication processes of nanosheet membranes such as graphene derivatives at commercial scales have been proposed for gas separation and water treatment, along with development of novel nanosheet materials. 2D nanosheet electrocatalysts as a cluster of oriented nanosheets have also attracted attention with their advantages such as high electron mobility over the bulk counterparts for fuel cells, energy-storage devices, or electrolyzers. The ultrathin thickness and large specific surface areas of such materials can enhance the functionality of nanosheets with respect to catalytic activity, ion exchange, and surface energy. In this review, we explore recent progress in research on the latest 2D materials and their utilizations in membrane separation and electrocatalytic reactions.