Hydrometallurgical recycling of lithium from waste saggar: Studies on influential role of acid/alkaline additives, leaching kinetics and mechanism
- Authors
- Song, Wonhong; Choi, Sowon; Kim, Hyunjung; Ilyas, Sadia
- Issue Date
- Oct-2023
- Publisher
- ELSEVIER SCI LTD
- Keywords
- Energy-critical element; Lithium; Additive leaching; Waste saggar; Resource recycling
- Citation
- JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, v.11, no.5, pp.1 - 8
- Indexed
- SCIE
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
- Volume
- 11
- Number
- 5
- Start Page
- 1
- End Page
- 8
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/hanyang/handle/2021.sw.hanyang/189399
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.jece.2023.110407
- ISSN
- 2213-3437
- Abstract
- Waste recycling has become crucial with the increasing attention paid to environmental rules and the fast-depleting resources of critical elements. Soaring demands for lithium in cathode materials of rechargeable batteries result in a surge in waste saggar after being used in the calcination of cathode precursor. The recycling of lithium from waste saggar is therefore imperative due to the high supply-risk of lithium. Herein, waste saggar composed of various mineral phases (26.26 % LiAlSi4O10 approximately equal to 0.6 % Li; 6.34 % Li4SiO4 approximately equal to 1.47 % Li; 0.79 % LiOH & BULL;H2O approximately equal to 0.13 % Li; 0.03 % Li2CO3 approximately equal to 0.01 % Li) was leached in water for lithium extraction; while the effects of NaOH, Ca(OH)2, and H2SO4 as potential additives were examined under a wide temperature range of 5-80 degrees C. Interestingly, the observed order of leaching efficiency at lower temperature (20 degrees C) H2SO4 > NaOH > Ca(OH)2 was in variance with that at 80 degrees C (NaOH > H2SO4 Ca(OH)2). The apparent activation energy for lithium extraction was determined to be 29.8 kJ/mol using NaOH, 33.8 kJ/mol using Ca(OH)2, and 14.1 kJ/mol using H2SO4, indicating that the overall leaching process follows a mixed-controlled mechanism. The maximum effi-ciency of 94 % Li-extraction was achieved with NaOH which was used for the precipitation recovery of Li2CO3 of purity above 99 %.
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