O2-enriched microbial activity with pH-sensitive solvo-chemical and electro-chlorination strategy to reclaim critical metals from the hazardous waste printed circuit boards
- Authors
- Ilyas, Sadia; Srivastava, Rajiv Ranjan; Kim, Hyunjung
- Issue Date
- Aug-2021
- Publisher
- ELSEVIER
- Keywords
- Hybrid technology; Green recycling process; Electronic waste; Bio-solvo-and electro-chemical approach; Strategically-critical metals
- Citation
- JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, v.416
- Indexed
- SCIE
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
- Volume
- 416
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/hanyang/handle/2021.sw.hanyang/189693
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125769
- ISSN
- 0304-3894
- Abstract
- An innovative process integration for the sustainable recovery of critical metals from waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) is demonstrated. In the acid pre-treatment of WPCBs, > 95% of highly toxic metals lead and tin could dissolve after 240 min of contact in 4.0 mol L-1 HNO3. Thereafter, the microbial activity of Sulfobacillus ther-mosulfidooxidans (strain RDB) under intense aeration is found favorable for base metals' liberation. similar to 92% copper, 89% nickel, and 93% zinc get extracted at the optimal condition of O-2-mixed-aeration, 30%; pulp density, 10 g L-1; aeration rate, 0.5 L min(-1); sulfur dosage, 2%; temperature, 45 degrees C; and duration, 21 days. Quantitative separation of base metals is achieved using ketoxime as a function of equilibrium pH that yielding pH(0.5) order: Cu (1.45) < Ni (5.7) < Zn (8.1). The residual gold from WPCBs is uniquely leached (similar to 99% efficiency) in brine solution (2.0 mol L-1 NaCl) under the electro-chlorination rate, 0.62 mmol min(-1); dissolution pH, 1.0; pulp density, 20 g L-1; temperature, 30 degrees C; and time, 60 min. Subsequently, gold from brine solution is solvated with tri-butyl-phosphate at pH(eq), <= 0.5, forming <([2( RP = O)center dot HAuCl4 center dot H2O])over bar> complex in the organic phase. Finally, > 99% of high-purity gold is stripped from loaded organic while contacting ammoniacal thiosulfate solution in two-stages of counter-current flow.
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