淸代 상품 운송로의 규제와 그 배경 -淮安關의 사례를 중심으로-

Abstract

본고는 청대 전기 회안관 과세 상품 운송로 규제의 시행 배경과 전개 과정에 주목하여 청조의 상품 운송로 규제 정책의 성격을 분석하였다. 이를 통해 상품 운송로 규제는 청조가 상관 세수 확보와 원활한 상품 유통, 그리고 연해 안보를 아울러 고려하는 가운데 점진적으로 형성된 것이며 특히 19세기 초반 연해 안보 위기의식 고조와 상관 세수 결손 원인 인식으로 인해 강화되었음을 규명하였다.

This paper analyzes the implementation process of the regulation of the transportation route of some of the goods subject to taxation at Huaianguan in the early Qing Dynasty in order to clarify the significance of the policy of regulating commodity transportation routes in the Qing dynasty. The Qing dynasty did not regulate the transportation route of the goods subject to taxation at Huaianguan from the beginning. In the midst of the lack of regulations governing various fields at the central level of the Qing Dynasty, a branch of Changguan were set up in various jurisdictional areas in order to grasp and impose various commodity transportation routes in the area. Under these circumstances, the indiscreet establishment of the branch of Changguan and the excessive robbery of merchants hindered the smooth flow of goods. In the Yongzheng era, in order to solve these problems and secure a certain amount of custom duties, the government restricted the arbitrary establishment of the branch of Changguan and prohibited merchants from skipping the customs. As a result, the regulation of the transportation route of some of the goods subject to taxation at Huaianguan began. But from the Qianlong era the problem of raoyue(繞越) began to occur. In consideration of coastal security, smooth distribution of commodities, and the securing of taxes, some of raoyue were legalized and treated as ‘flexble’ by Qing central government, and as a result, the problem of raoyue should not be aggravated. However, in the early 19th century, the Qing central government concentrated on consolidating raoyue and tightened regulations of the transportation route of the goods subject to taxation at Huaianguan. The Qing Dynasty's shift to such a ‘non-flexible’ response was made against the background of the perception of the Qing central government that raoyue was caused by the severe corruption of the tax officers at the Changguan. In this way, the regulation of the transportation route for taxable goods in the Huaianguan in the early Qing Dynasty did not originate from the despotic commercial policy of the Qing Dynasty. It was formed gradually in the process of dealing with the changes in the transportation route of the commodities charged by the Qing Dynasty.