Multifunctional carbon dots originated from waste garlic peel for rapid sensing of heavy metals and fluorescent imaging of 2D and 3D spheroids cultured fibroblast cells
- Authors
- Krishnaiah, Prakash; Atchudan, Raji; Perumal, Suguna; Gangadaran, Prakash; Manoj, Devaraj; Ahn, Byeong-Cheol; Kumar, Raju Suresh; Almansour, Abdulrahman I.; Lee, Yong Rok; Jeon, Byong-Hun
- Issue Date
- Jan-2024
- Publisher
- Elsevier B.V.
- Keywords
- Carbon dots; Cellular imaging; Detection of metal ions; Fluorescence sensor; Garlic peel
- Citation
- Spectrochimica Acta - Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, v.304, pp.1 - 10
- Indexed
- SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- Spectrochimica Acta - Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy
- Volume
- 304
- Start Page
- 1
- End Page
- 10
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/hanyang/handle/2021.sw.hanyang/191794
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123422
- ISSN
- 1386-1425
- Abstract
- Here, we prepared sulfur and nitrogen self-doped carbon dots derived from garlic peel extract (GPSNCDs) using a hydrothermal method. The as-synthesized GPSNCDs were confirmed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The analytical techniques indicate that the resulting GPSNCDs exhibit distinct emissive carbon-core with functionalities (owing to various ligands in the GPSNCDs). These functionalities are responsible for excellent hydrophilic and optical properties, including excitation-dependent emission and anti-photobleaching. Fluorescence intensities of GPSNCDs were quenched in the existence of Mn2+ and Fe3+ ions. This indicates that the GPSNCDs were sensitive to Fe3+ and Mn2+ ions with a limited range from 5 to 50 µM and showed lower recognition at ∼0.75 and 0.95 µM, respectively. In addition, the sensing results were generated in a short time (20 s). The cytotoxicity of GPSNCDs was tested to demonstrate that they are sufficiently safe to use for cellular imaging. The novel fluorescent GPSNCDs-based sensor can be used as a high-performance sensor for environmental monitoring. Further, GPSNCDs showed greater biocompatibility with normal fibroblast cells, and In Vitro fluorescent imaging of GPSNCDs revealed strong fluorescence signals in the two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) spheroids cultured fibroblast cells. The properties mentioned above demonstrate that the GPSNCDs can be applied to imaging normal cells without further modifications.
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