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탈북민 취약·위기가구의 인권 개선: 한계와 과제Improving the Human Rights of North Korean Migrant Households in a Crisis Situation: Limitations and Tasks

Other Titles
Improving the Human Rights of North Korean Migrant Households in a Crisis Situation: Limitations and Tasks
Authors
모춘흥홍용표박지혜
Issue Date
Mar-2024
Publisher
건국대학교 인문학연구원
Keywords
탈북민; 인권상황; 취약·위기가구; 전수조사; 대상자 발굴 및 지원; 인권개선; North Korean Migrants; Human Rights Situations; Vulnerable and Crisis Households; Full-Scale Survey; Target Discovery and Support; Improvement of Human Rights
Citation
통일인문학, v.97, pp 295 - 330
Pages
36
Indexed
KCI
Journal Title
통일인문학
Volume
97
Start Page
295
End Page
330
URI
https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/hanyang/handle/2021.sw.hanyang/195239
DOI
10.21185/jhu.2024.3.97.295
ISSN
2288-9841
Abstract
탈북민 인권문제의 핵심적인 맥락을 이해하고 그들의 입장에서 인권상황을 개선하는 데 필요한 정책적 지원을 논의하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 이에 본 연구는 탈북민 취약·위기가구를 정의하고, 통일부가 실시한 ‘탈북민 취약계층 전수조사’ 결과의 내용과 한계를 분석했다. 6차례 전수조사를 분석한 결과에 따르면, 탈북민 취약·위기가구 의심대상자를 발굴하고 지원하는 데 제도적 한계가 있었다. 특히 보건복지부 복지시각지대 발굴관리시스템의 위기정보지표의 대부분이 경제적인 측면에 집중되어 있어, 탈북민 취약·위기가구 대상자를 발굴하는 데 한계를 노정했다. 이러한 제도적 한계를 고려하여, 본 연구는 탈북민 취약·위기가구 인권상황 개선을 위해 3가지 정책적 제언을 했다. 첫째, 탈북민 정착지원 거버넌스를 단순화·일원화할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 거주지보호기간 5년을 둘러싼 논쟁에서 벗어날 필요가 있다. 셋째, 탈북민 취약·위기가구를 실질적으로 보호하고 지원할 수 있는 다양한 지역단위의 민관채널이 마련될 필요가 있다. 이에 더해 탈북민 취약·위기가구 인권문제를 해결하기 위해서는 법·제도적 개선과 함께 탈북민을 바라보는 한국사회의 인식 개선이 이루어져야 한다.
It is important to understand the core context of North Korean migrants' human rights issues and discuss the policy support needed to improve the human rights situation from their perspective. Accordingly, this study defined vulnerable North Korean migrants and households in crisis and analyzed the results and limitations of the complete survey of vulnerable North Korean migrants conducted by the Ministry of Unification. According to the results of an analysis of six full-scale surveys, there were institutional limits in identifying and supporting North Korean migrants suspected of being vulnerable or at risk. In particular, most of the crisis information indicators in the Ministry of Health and Welfare's welfare blind spot discovery and management system were focused on economic aspects, so the system was limited in identifying vulnerable North Korean migrants and households in crisis. Considering these institutional limits, this study developed three policy measures to improve the human rights situation of North Korean migrants. First, there is a need to simplify and unify the governance of North Korean migrants’settlement support. Second, it is important to move away from the controversy surrounding the five-year residential protection period. Third, we must establish various regional public-private channels that can actually protect and support vulnerable and at-risk North Korean migrants. In addition, to resolve the human rights issues of vulnerable North Korean migrants and families in crisis, legal and institutional improvements must be made, and we must change South Korean society’s perception of North Korean migrants for the better.
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