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일제하 나주지역의 수리조합 설치와 군민의 대응Establishment of Irrigation Association in Naju during the Japanese Colonial Era and the people's response

Other Titles
Establishment of Irrigation Association in Naju during the Japanese Colonial Era and the people's response
Authors
이승일
Issue Date
Feb-2024
Publisher
호남사학회
Keywords
'Campaign to increase Rice Production'; Irrigation Association; Naju; landlord; haksan; dasi; 산미증식계획; 수리조합; 지주; 나주; 학산; 다시
Citation
역사학연구, no.93, pp 273 - 306
Pages
34
Indexed
KCI
Journal Title
역사학연구
Number
93
Start Page
273
End Page
306
URI
https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/hanyang/handle/2021.sw.hanyang/196529
ISSN
1975-2431
Abstract
나주지역은 식민지 조선의 대표적인 稻作地帶로서 영산강 수계를 활용한 수리조합사업이 추진되었다. 학산 및 다시수리조합은 산미증식계획을 배경으로 일본인 대지주와 일부 조선인 지주, 지방관청이 주도한 관주도 사업이었다. 수리조합사업은 일본 국내의 식량문제 해결이라는 목표가 있었던 만큼 식민지 권력과 그대행자인 대지주가 적극적으로 나섰다. 또한 수리조합 설치과정에서 공권력을동원한 일방적 추진, 대지주 중심의 조합운영 등 사업의 전개과정에서 강제성이나타나기도 했다. 수리조합사업은 개별 지주가 감당하기 어려운 막대한 사업비의 지출이 필요한 사업이었음에도 불구하고 식민지 조선에서는 국고보조율이 일본내지에 비해서 매우 낮았고 대출이율도 높은 편이었다. 따라서 중소규모의 토지소유자들의 조합비 압박이 심할 수 밖에 없었으며 수리조합사업을 둘러싼 분쟁의 요인이 되었다. 그러나 식민지 시기의 수리조합은 일부 중소지주들의 반대에도 불구하고 일제와 대지주의 이익확대를 위해 설립 운영되었다. 수리조합지구에서는 일정한 증산효과가 있었으나 그 성과는 주로 조합의 주도권을 장악한 대지주층에게 많이돌아갔다. 따라서 수리조합사업은 자작농들에게는 경제적 성장의 계기로 활용되지 못하였고 오히려 식민지 지주제가 활성화되는 계기가 되었다
The Naju area was a representative work zone of colonial Korea, and the water cooperative project utilizing the Yeongsan River system was promoted. The Haksan and Dasi suri Irrigation Associations were state-run projects led by Japanese landowners, some Korean landowners, and local authorities against the backdrop of a plan to increase production. The colonial power and its agents, the landowners, took an active role in the project, as it aimed to solve the food problem in Japan. In addition, coercion was manifested in the development of the project, such as the unilateral push to mobilize public authorities in the process of establishing repair cooperatives and the operation of cooperatives centered on landowners. Despite the fact that the repair union project required the expenditure of huge project costs that individual landowners could not afford, the government subsidy rate in colonial Korea was very low compared to that in Japan, and the interest rate on loans was high. Therefore, the pressure on small and medium-sized landowners' union fees was severe, and it became a factor in disputes over the repair union project. However, during the colonial period, repair cooperatives were established and operated to expand the profits of the Japanese government and large landowners, despite the opposition of some small and medium-sized landowners. Although there was a certain increase in production in the repair cooperative districts, the benefits mainly went to the large landowners who controlled the initiative of the cooperative. Therefore, the repair cooperative business was not utilized as an opportunity for economic growth for peasants, but rather as an opportunity for the colonial landlord system to be activated.
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