The Usefulness of Extradural Anterior Clinoidectomy for Low-Lying Posterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms : A Cadaveric Study

Abstract

Objective : To confirm the usefulness of the extradural anterior clinoidectomy during the clipping of a low riding posterior communicating artery (PCoA) aneurysm through cadaver dissection. Methods : Anatomic measurements of 12 adult cadaveric heads (24 sides total) were performed to compare the microsurgical exposure of the PCoA and internal carotid artery (ICA) before and after clinoidectomy. A standard pterional craniotomy and transsylvian approach were performed in all cadavers. The distance from the ICA bifurcation to the origin of PCoA (D1), pre -anterior clinoidectomy distance from the ICA bifurcation to tentorium (D2), post -anterior clinoidectomy distance from the ICA bifurcation to tentorium (D3), pre -anterior clinoidectomy distance from the tentorium to the origin of PCoA (D4) and post -anterior clinoidectomy distance from the tentorium to the origin of PCoA (D5) and the distance of the ICA obtained after anterior clinoidectomy (D6) were measured. We measured the precise thickness of the blade for the Yasargil clip with a digital precision ruler to confirm the usefulness of the extradural anterior clinoidectomy. Results : Twenty-four sites were dissected from 12 cadavers. The age of the cadavers was 79.83 +/- 6.25 years. The number of males was the same as the females. The space from the proximal origin of the PCoA to the preclinoid-tentorium (D4) was 1.45 +/- 1.08 mm (max, 4.01; min, 0.56). After the clinoidectomy, the space from the proximal origin of the PCoA to the postclinoid-tentorium (D5) was 3.612 +/- 1.15 mm (max, 6.14; min, 1.83). The length (D6) of the exposed proximal ICA after the extradural clinoididectomy was 2.17 +/- 1.04 mm on the lateral side and 2.16 +/- 0.89 mm on the medial side. The thickness of the Yasargil clip blade used during the clipping surgery was 1.35 mm measured with a digital precision ruler. Conclusion : The proximal length obtained by performing an external anterior clinoidectomy is about 2 mm, sufficient for proximal control during PCoA aneurysm surgery, considering the thickness of the aneurysm clips. In a subarachnoid hemorrhage, performing an extradural anterior clinoidectomy could prevent a devastating situation during PCoA aneurysm clipping.