Ex vivo kidney machine perfusion: meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

Abstract

Background: Machine perfusion is an organ preservation strategy used to improve function over simple storage in a cold environment. This article presents an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of machine perfusion in deceased donor kidneys. Methods: RCTs from November 2018 to July 2023 comparing machine perfusion versus static cold storage in kidney transplantation were evaluated for systematic review. The primary outcome in meta-analysis was delayed graft function. Results: A total 19 studies were included, and 16 comparing hypothermic machine perfusion with static cold storage were analysed. The risk of delayed graft function was lower with hypothermic machine perfusion (risk ratio (RR) 0.77, 95% c.i. 0.69 to 0.86), even in kidneys after circulatory death (RR 0.78, 0.68 to 0.90) or brain death (RR 0.73, 0.63 to 0.84). Full hypothermic machine perfusion decreased the risk of delayed graft function (RR 0.69, 0.60 to 0.79), whereas partial hypothermic machine perfusion did not (RR 0.92, 0.69 to 1.22). Normothermic machine perfusion or short-term oxygenated hypothermic machine perfusion preservation after static cold storage was equivalent to static cold storage in terms of delayed graft function and 1-year graft survival. Conclusion: Hypothermic machine perfusion reduces delayed graft function risks and normothermic approaches show promise.