Planar LTE/sub-6 GHz 5G MIMO antenna integrated with mmWave 5G beamforming phased array antennas for V2X applications

Abstract

A planar LTE/sub-6 GHz 5G multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna integrated with mmWave 5G beamforming phased array antennas for future vehicle-to-everything (V2X) applications is proposed. The proposed antenna consists of two multi-band elements for LTE and sub-6 GHz 5G bands, two single-band elements for the sub-6 GHz 5G band, and four mmWave 5G beamforming phased array antennas. Two compact multi-band antennas are located on the opposite side of the ground plane and are arranged orthogonally to each other. Four mmWave 5G beamforming phased array antennas are located at the four sides of the ground plane for 360 degrees coverage in the azimuth plane. All antennas are optimised for loading with a polycarbonate dielectric housing. The proposed antenna satisfies the -10 dB reflection coefficient (S-11) requirement from 0.84 to 0.96 GHz, 1.22 to 2.04 GHz, 2.42 to 4.62 GHz, 25.1 to 31.4 GHz, and 33 to 34.8 GHz. A high isolation level of >20 dB is achieved. The realised gains of the low band antennas are higher than 2.51 dBi, while those of the mmWave 5G array antennas are higher than 15.6 and 11.3 dBi at 0 degrees and 45 degrees scan angles, respectively.