Electrochemical synthesis for a greener future: Insights from kolbe electrolysis

Abstract

Electrochemical synthesis has gained renewed interest due to advancements in material science and sustainable chemistry. This review explores Kolbe electrolysis, a green and efficient method for decarboxylating carboxylic acids to produce alkanes, as a sustainable renewable, and greener alternative to traditional chemical processes. It examines the mechanistic insights of the process, including reaction pathways, intermediate species, and kinetics. Factors influencing reaction kinetics include concentration, temperature, pressure, electrode materials, and power sources. The review also discusses advancements in electrode materials, such as platinum (Pt) based modified electrodes, boron-doped diamond (BDD), ruthenium oxide (RuO2), coated electrodes, etc., and discusses the significance of green electrolyte (aqueous), as well as innovative electrolyte (ionic liquids, and deep eutectic solvents). Modern electrolysis cell configurations, such as microreactors and continuous flow cells, are examined for their scalability, control over reaction parameters, and reduced side reactions. The review also discusses future challenges and opportunities in leveraging Kolbe electrolysis to electrification of the chemical industry.