Synergistic effects of nano-alumina and triisopropanolamine in Portland limestone cements with various sulfate levels

Abstract

This study evaluated the synergistic effects of nano-alumina and triisopropanolamine (TIPA) on the physicochemical properties of Portland limestone cement (PLC) with varying gypsum contents. The incorporation of nano-alumina and TIPA into PLC pastes with 3 and 9 wt % of gypsum resulted in increased heat release during the initial dissolution period and total heat release of cement hydration, and significantly enhanced the silicate and aluminate reactions. In addition, their combined use significantly improved the compressive strength of the PLC pastes, produced denser microstructures with lower porosities, and altered the pore shapes in the pastes. The synergistic advantages are likely related to the role of nano-alumina as a reactive filler and the use of TIPA that enhances the reactivity of the clinker phases.