Applicability analysis of thermoelectric active condensation prevention system in buildings

Abstract

Climate change has led to increased temperature and humidity fluctuations, raising the condensation risk in buildings. This issue was first identified in the 1980s in unconditioned spaces and became more critical in the 1990s with balcony expansions, necessitating improved ventilation and insulation. In the 2000s and 2010s, the adoption of curtain wall structures and stricter insulation standards led to evaluations of condensation resistance, particularly at thermal bridges such as window frames and wall-slab joints. Despite efforts to mitigate condensation through passive solutions like insulation, ventilation, and improved window designs, the problem persists. In 2021, South Korea’s ten largest construction companies received over 2200 defect claims related to condensation. A key limitation of passive methods is their inability to adapt to fluctuating indoor dew points, leading to recurring condensation and mold growth, which negatively impact indoor air quality and occupant health. This study employed THERM 7.8 simulations and regression analysis to evaluate thermoelectric modules for active condensation prevention. These modules dynamically respond to temperature and humidity changes, effectively reducing condensation risk. The average daily power consumption of thermoelectric modules was 727.20 Wh/m2 for side wall, and 1249.72 Wh/m2, 1087.61 Wh/m2 for upper and lower front walls. Annual energy use per unit was 16.65 kWh, 28.61 kWh, and 24.90 kWh, respectively (Average system COP: 20.43). These systems effectively prevent condensation, reducing mold and bacterial growth while demonstrating economic feasibility. Furthermore, during periods of low condensation risk, energy harvesting through Seebeck effect can be utilized to enhance the overall energy performance of buildings.