The parenting reality gap: Men's rationalization and women's conformity in Korea

Abstract

Objective This study explored the disparities in parenting roles between fathers and mothers in Korea, specifically focusing on how men rationalize their limited participation in child-rearing and how women accept these uneven parenting circumstances.

Background Despite the increasing awareness of the need for more paternal involvement, deeply rooted gender roles still shape parenting dynamics.

Method In-depth interviews were conducted with 12 couples raising children under the age of 6 years. A qualitative approach using thematic analysis and synthesis was employed to identify the key patterns in paternal involvement and maternal expectations.

Results Fathers justified their limited involvement by citing work obligations or positioning themselves as secondary caregivers. Though some fathers expressed willingness to change these patterns for gender equality and contribute more time to parenting activities, their actions remained constrained by occupational demands and traditional gender expectations. However, mothers expressed a sense of resignation while recognizing that their partners' contributions often did not meet their expectations. Many mothers accepted this reality by internalizing it as a norm, often lowering their expectations, prioritizing men's economic contributions, and assuming greater responsibility for child care.

Conclusion These findings highlight the ongoing challenges in achieving gender equality in parenting practices. Addressing historically entrenched gender roles is crucial to promoting more equitable parenting practices and reducing the burden placed disproportionately on mothers.

Implications This study suggests that a deeper societal intervention is necessary to challenge the underlying gender norms and power structures that lead to unbalanced caregiving responsibilities between parents.