명대 성도(成都) 도시 공간의 구조와 특징

Abstract

명대 홍무 4년(1371년), 성도는 성도부(成都府)로 개편되어 전왕조에 이어 사천성의 성회 지위를 유지하며 전면적으로 재건되었다. 성내에는 명대의 관서를 증설하고 번왕(藩王)을 주둔시켜 공동으로 성도를 통치하였다. 명대의 성곽 축조 기술은 전왕조에 비해 상대적으로 더욱 성숙되었으며, 성지(城池)의 재건 형식도 더욱 다양했다. 축성 과정에서 지방 관원들은 명조(明朝)의 제도를 중시하는 동시에 주대(周朝)에서 전해져 내려오는 축성 제도를 함께 활용할 수 있었다. 따라서 명대 성도는 다중의 축성 사상과 제도 영향 아래 건설된 것이다. 또한 성도는 분지에 위치해 지리적 이점으로 예제(礼制) 요구를 크게 만족시킬 수 있었다. 명대 후기에 성도는 장기간 전쟁의 영향을 받아 성지와 건축이 완전하게 보존되지 못했다. 이에 본 연구는 관련 역사 자료와 결합하여 성도 도시 공간에 대해 보다 세부적인 분석이 필요하다.

In the fourth year of the Hongwu era of the Ming Dynasty (1371), Chengdu was restructured as the Chengdu prefecture. It continued to serve as the political center of the Sichuan region, and the city was rebuilt on a large scale. During this time, additional Ming official offices were established, and a feudal lord's residence was set up to govern the city jointly. Compared with the previous dynasty, the city construction techniques of the Ming Dynasty were more mature, and the institutional system was gradually standardized. While implementing the Ming system, local officials incorporated early city-building concepts from the Zhouyi and Zhouli, influencing Chengdu's spatial pattern with ideas and systems from the Central Plains. The topography of the basin in which Chengdu was located also provided favorable natural conditions for the completion of the city form. This also helped to fully display the idea of city building in the city's space. Due to the frequent wars in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, Chengdu's cities and buildings have not been preserved to this day. Therefore, Based on historical documents and local chronicles, this research explores the spatial structure of Chengdu during the Ming Dynasty and the Yixue and etiquette embodied in the city's construction. On this basis, the ten most important royal residences of the early Ming dynasty were selected as objects of comparison, and their internal architectural forms were analyzed to provide supplementary evidence for the institutionalization of Chengdu and the residences of the Shu kings. Furthermore, the cities were compared with the Taiyuan Mansion in Shanxi, which had considerable political significance, to analyze differences in spatial organization and institutional expression from the perspectives of urban layout and etiquette expression. Finally, based on ancient images and archaeological data, a detailed analysis of the spatial structure of Chengdu City during the Ming Dynasty was conducted. The characteristics and key features of the city's gates, facilities, and construction methods were summarised to provide new insights into the spatial development of Chinese cities during the Ming Dynasty.