서울시 연령대별 생활SOC의 공간적 형평성 분석 : 15분 도시 이론과 G2SFCA 방법론을 중심으로

Abstract

본 연구는 서울특별시에서 연령대별로 필요로 하는 생활 필수시설의 접근성 지수를 도출하여, 15분 내로 도달할 수 있는 환경이 조성되어 있는지 분석하고 연령대별 공간적 형평성 파악을 목적으로 한다. 이러한 분석을 통해 서울시가 15분 도시를 실현하는 데 있어 지역간 접근성 격차를 해소하고 다양한 시설에 대한 균형 잡힌 접근을지원할 수 있는 정책적 방향을 제시하고자 한다.

Owing to rapid urbanization, many global metropolitan areas face various urban problems related to commuting, transportation, and the environment. To address these issues, the concept of the “15-Minute City” was introduced in Paris in 2016 as part of chrono-urbanism planning. This study utilizes Point-of-Interest data to classify the urban amenities required by different age groups and quantifies the accessibility index for facilities that are reachable within 15 minutes. In addition, to move beyond proximity and incorporate diversity, a diversity index was calculated, and four levels of 15-Minute City compliance were classified using a positiongram. The four types are HH (high proximity, high diversity), HL (high proximity, low diversity), LL (low proximity, low diversity), and LH (low proximity, high diversity) type, and their spatial distribution across Seoul was analyzed. This study presents the following key findings: First, older adults displayed higher non-accessibility rates to urban amenities within 15 minutes, with 8.2%, 31.4%, and 23.3% for healthcare, culture, and welfare facilities, respectively. This indicates a disparity in the accessibility levels of urban amenities between older adults and other age groups within Seoul. Second, the mix of residential and neighborhood facilities exhibited a negative relationship with low-accessibility types (LH and LL) across all age groups. Lastly, as average income increased, youth showed a negative significance across all types, while adults and older adults showed a negative significance in the LL type. The findings provide valuable insights for improving the levels of urban amenities across different age groups and serve as an important theoretical foundation for establishing Seoul’s 15-Minute City policy.