Advances in Synthesis and Applications of Waste-Derived Activated Porous Carbon: A Review for Energy Storage and Environmental Remediation

Abstract

Rapid depletion of fossil energy, ever increasing environmental pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions promote researchers to utilize available waste materials. Activated carbon evolved from wastes had been broadly used to fulfil future energy demands and environmental remediation. The present review aims to demonstrate various synthesis methods including pyrolysis, hydrothermal assisted pyrolysis, chemical vapor deposition, and laser beam irradiation to synthesize activated porous carbon utilizing natural and artificial wastes. Further, we highlight the types of naturals wastes, such as plant-and animal-based wastes and artificial wastes, that can be used in energy storage devices and environmental remediation applications. Energy storage devices such as supercapacitors and batteries and environmental remediation applications including purifying agents, precious metal recovery, and CO2 capture are included. Finally, current advances, challenges, and future perspectives on waste-derived porous carbons are summarized. This review will provide researchers an in-depth understanding of waste to wealth over a large scope of disciplines.