이흥재 교수의 해고제한론The Theory on Restriction of Dismissal, of Professor Lee, Heung-jae
- Other Titles
- The Theory on Restriction of Dismissal, of Professor Lee, Heung-jae
- Authors
- 강성태
- Issue Date
- Mar-2026
- Publisher
- 서울대학교노동법연구회
- Keywords
- 이흥재 교수; 해고제한; 노동향유권; 해고의 실체적 제한; 해고의 절차적 제한; 해고 구제제도; Professor Lee; Heung-jae; Restriction of Dismissal; Right to enjoy work; Substantive Restrictions on Dismissal; Procedural Restrictions on Dismissal; Remedy System for Dismissal
- Citation
- 노동법연구, no.60, pp 1 - 54
- Pages
- 54
- Indexed
- KCI
- Journal Title
- 노동법연구
- Number
- 60
- Start Page
- 1
- End Page
- 54
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/hanyang/handle/2021.sw.hanyang/213372
- DOI
- 10.32716/LLR.2026.03.60.1
- ISSN
- 1228-2499
- Abstract
- 이 글은 이흥재 교수의 해고제한에 관한 구상과 제안 등이 집약된 1988년 “해고제한에 관한 연구”(박사학위 논문)를 중심으로 그의 해고제한론을 개관한다. 이흥재 교수의 노동법 연구는 해고제한에서 시작했다. 그는 모든 사람이 보람 있는 노동을 통해 자유로운 삶을 살아가도록 모두 협동하고 연대하는 공동체를 꿈꾸었고 현실의 안타까움과 미래의 지향이 만난 곳이 노동향유권에 기초한 해고제한이었다. 그의 연구를 요약하면 다음과 같다.
첫째, 연구의 목적은 부당해고의 예방과 부당해고에 대한 실효성 있는 구제제도의 확보였다. 연구 대상은 해고제한의 법적 측면으로 해고의 개별적 근로관계법은 물론이고 집단적 노사관계법과 사회보장법 차원까지 문제의식을 확장하였다. 연구방법은 해고제한의 법리적 기초로서 노동향유권 개념을 정립하고, 이를 바탕으로 노동향유권의 구체적 보장과 그 전개를 통하여 해고제한의 법적 구조를 해명하는 하나의 모델을 제시하였다. 여기서 노동향유권이란 노동의 보람을 통하여 자유로운 삶을 향유할 수 있는 권리이다.
둘째, 해고제한을 실체법적 제한과 절차법적 제한으로 나누고 전자는 다시 실체적 제한과 절차적 제한을 나눈 후, 이들 각각을 노동향유권 보장과 상응시켰다.
셋째, 해고에 ‘정당한 이유’가 있는지는 “근로자가 노동향유를 계속할 수 없는 결정적인 흠결 사유나 급박한 상황이 있을 때”를 기준으로 판단한다.
넷째, 해고 절차에서 근로자의 자기관철권이 확보되어야 한다. 자기관철권에는 사전지득권(事前知得權), 방어권(防禦權), 참여권(參與權)이 포함된다. 이러한 권리는 단체협약이나 취업규칙에 관련 규정이 있는 경우는 물론이고 없는 경우에도 당연히 보장되어야 한다.
다섯째, 해고 구제제도에서는 원직복귀의 확보, 취로청구권의 인정, 정신적 손해배상의 인정 등을 주장했다. 종합적 제언으로 1단계 행정구제제도의 개선, 2단계 감원해고제한입법의 제정, 3단계 통일적인 해고제한입법의 제정 및 노동법원의 설립 추진을 주장했다.
This article aims to overview Professor Lee, Heung-jae's theory on the restriction of dismissal, focusing on his 1988 doctoral dissertation, “A Study on the Restriction of Dismissal,” which integrates his concepts and proposals on the subject. Professor Lee's research in labor law began with the restriction of dismissal. He envisioned a community where everyone cooperates and stands in solidarity to lead a free life through fulfilling work. This intersection of realistic concerns and future aspirations led him to the concepts of the ‘right to enjoy work’ and the restriction of dismissal. His research might be summarized as follows: First, the primary objective of his study was to “legally organize measures for the ex-ante prevention of unfair dismissal and the securing of effective remedy systems for dismissed workers,” with the ultimate goal being security of employment. While the study focused on the legal aspects of dismissal restrictions, it did not limit itself to individual employment relations but expanded to include collective labor relations and social security law. Methodologically, he established the ‘right to enjoy work’ as a fundamental legal concept encompassing the entire system of social law. Based on this, he presented a model to elucidate the legal structure of dismissal restrictions through the concrete guarantee and development of this right. Here, the ‘right to enjoy work’ refers to the right to enjoy a free life through the fulfillment of work. Its direct constitutional basis is derived from the ‘right to work’, aiming to realize ‘human dignity and value’ and the ‘right to pursue happiness’.
Second, he categorized the restrictions on dismissal into substantive legal restrictions and procedural legal restrictions. He further divided the former into substantive requirements and procedural requirements, aligning each with the guarantee of the right to enjoy work. Specifically, substantive requirements were matched with the “substantive conditions for limiting the right to enjoy work,” procedural requirements with the “procedural limits on restricting the right to enjoy work,” and procedural legal restrictions with the “remedy for the infringement of the right to enjoy work.” Third, since the criterion for determining ‘just cause’ for dismissal is the guarantee of the right to enjoy work, it should be interpreted that “the restriction of the right to enjoy work—namely, the justification for dismissal—is met only when there are decisive deficiencies or urgent circumstances that prevent the worker from continuing to enjoy work.” Fourth, to ensure justice in dismissal procedures, the worker's ‘right of self-determination regarding the right to enjoy work’ must be secured. This includes the right to prior notice, the right to defense, and the right to participation. These rights must be guaranteed regardless of whether they are explicitly stated in collective agreements or employment rules.
Fifth, he emphasized the improvement of the remedy system for dismissal. While advocating for the securing of reinstatement, the recognition of the right to claim work, and the acknowledgement of compensation for emotional distress, he proposed a comprehensive three-stage plan: (1) improvement of the administrative remedy system, (2) enactment of legislation to restrict layoffs, and (3) enactment of unified legislation on dismissal restrictions and the establishment of a Labor Court.
- Files in This Item
-
Go to Link
- Appears in
Collections - 서울 법학전문대학원 > 서울 법학전문대학원 > 1. Journal Articles

Items in ScholarWorks are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.