Integrated Sensing and Communication in Wireless Capsule Endoscopy: A Wi-Fi-Based Approach for Real-Time Video Transmission in IoMT

Abstract

WiFi’s high data throughput and robust connectivity, combined with Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC), facilitate seamless real-time video transmission, ensuring minimal interference and high-quality imaging for clinical applications such as wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE). The proposed system incorporates a novel ultrawideband (UWB) conformal antenna with the 2.45 GHz band, specifically supporting a WiFi-based system to enable high-speed wireless communication within the human body. By leveraging ISAC, the system efficiently integrates real-time sensing and communication, optimizing data transmission while maintaining signal integrity in dynamic in-body environments. The capsule is equipped with a miniaturized camera module that captures high-resolution images and transmits video data in real-time to an external receiver via a low-latency WiFi communication module. A comprehensive system architecture was developed, integrating Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) connectivity, a cloud-based processing framework, and an optimized node-based transmission mechanism for seamless data relay. To evaluate the system’s performance, experiments were conducted in a realistic environment, simulating human tissue conditions. Results demonstrate video transmission over distances of up to 5 meters, ensuring reliable and high-fidelity endoscopic visualization. The experimental findings validate the feasibility of WiFi-powered WCE for continuous gastrointestinal monitoring, highlighting its potential for real-time diagnostics, remote healthcare, and telemedicine applications. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.