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백화점 폐점이 주택시장과 지역 상업활동에 미치는 영향 - 수원 · 창원 사례를 대상으로 -open accessImpact of Department Store Closures on Housing Markets and Local Commercial Activity - Suwon and Changwon, South Korea -

Other Titles
Impact of Department Store Closures on Housing Markets and Local Commercial Activity - Suwon and Changwon, South Korea -
Authors
조에스더이명훈엄선용
Issue Date
Apr-2026
Publisher
한국부동산원
Keywords
Department store closure; Apartment transaction prices; Commercial district change; Difference-in-differences; Causal Impact; 백화점 폐점; 아파트 실거래가; 상권변화; 이중차분; Causal Impact 분석
Citation
부동산분석, v.12, no.1, pp 243 - 265
Pages
23
Indexed
KCI
Journal Title
부동산분석
Volume
12
Number
1
Start Page
243
End Page
265
URI
https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/hanyang/handle/2021.sw.hanyang/217878
DOI
10.30902/jrea.2026.12.1.243
ISSN
2465-9754
2508-1292
Abstract
본 연구는 국내 백화점 산업이 구조적 재편 국면에 진입한 가운데, 도심형 앵커시설인 백화점의 폐점이 인근 아파트 가격과 지역 상권의 지속가능성에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하였다. 아파트 실거래가와 음식점 폐업 데이터를 활용하여 주택시장에는 이중차분법(difference-in-differences, DID)과 삼중차분법(difference-in-differences-in-differences, DDD)을 적용하고, 상권 변화에는 BSTS(Bayesian structural time series) 기반 Causal Impact 모형을 활용하였다. 분석 결과, 폐점 이후 인근 아파트 가격은 전반적으로 하락하는 경향을 보였으며, 수원 사례에서는 핵심 영향권에서 추가적인 가격 하락이 나타나 공간적 이질성이 확인된 반면 창원 사례에서는 가격 하락 경향이 관찰되었으나 통계적으로 유의한 수준은 아니었다. 또한, 상권 분석에서는 음식점 폐업 증가가 나타나 지역 상업활력의 위축 가능성이 확인되었으며, 이러한 영향의 크기와 지속성은 도시의 구조적 특성과 시장 여건에 따라 상이하게 나타났다. 이는 백화점 폐점의 영향이 단일한 인과관계로 설명되기보다 지역적 맥락에 따라 달라질 수 있음을 시사한다.
This study examines the effects of department store closures on nearby housing prices and local commercial activity in South Korea, as the sector enters a phase of structural transformation marked by increasing polarization between high-performing flagship stores and underperforming non-core locations. Unlike discount stores, department stores function as high-order urban anchor facilities that integrate retail, cultural, and symbolic roles. This suggests that their closures may generate broader urban impacts beyond a simple reduction in retail supply. Using apartment transaction data and restaurant closure records, this study applies difference-in-differences (DID) and difference-in-difference-in-differences (DDD) models to analyze housing market impacts and employs a Bayesian structural time series-based causal impact model to estimate counterfactual changes in local retail activity. The results indicate a general downward trend in housing prices following department store closures. In Suwon, the DID estimates demonstrate no statistically significant average effect, whereas the DDD model identifies an additional price decline within the core impact zone, particularly in areas closer to the closed department stores, suggesting localized spatial effects. By contrast, in Changwon, although the estimated coefficients consistently point to a negative direction, no statistically significant housing price decline is identified. Regarding retail activity, the findings suggest an increase in restaurant closures after the shutdown, implying a contraction in local commercial vitality. However, both the magnitude and persistence of these effects vary across cases, reflecting differences in urban structures and market conditions. Overall, the results suggest that department stores play a meaningful role as urban anchor facilities, but the impacts of closures are not uniform and are shaped by broader urban development trajectories and local contexts. This study provides empirical evidence to inform urban policies and post-closure redevelopment strategies that account for regional heterogeneity.
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GRADUATE SCHOOL OF URBAN STUDIES (DEPARTMENT OF URBAN AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT)
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