Anatase Titania Nanorods as an Intercalation Anode Material for Rechargeable Sodium Batteries
- Authors
- Kim, Ki-Tae; Ali, Ghulam; Chung, Kung Yoon; Yoon, Chong Seung; Yashiro, Hitoshi; Sun, Yang Kook; Lu, Jun; Amine, Khalil; Myung, Seung-Taek
- Issue Date
- Feb-2014
- Publisher
- AMER CHEMICAL SOC
- Keywords
- Natase TiO2; nanorods; carbon coating; intercalation; anode; sodium battery
- Citation
- NANO LETTERS, v.14, no.2, pp.416 - 422
- Indexed
- SCIE
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- NANO LETTERS
- Volume
- 14
- Number
- 2
- Start Page
- 416
- End Page
- 422
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/hanyang/handle/2021.sw.hanyang/26546
- DOI
- 10.1021/nl402747x
- ISSN
- 1530-6984
- Abstract
- For the first time, we report the electrochemical activity of anatase TiO2 nanorods in a Na cell. The anatase TiO2 nanorods were synthesized by a hydrothermal method, and their surfaces were coated by carbon to improve the electric conductivity through carbonization of pitch at 700 degrees C for 2 h in Ar flow. The resulting structure does not change before and after the carbon coating, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Transmission electron microscopic images confirm the presence of a carbon coating on the anatase TiO2 nanorods. In cell tests, anodes of bare and carbon-coated anatase TiO2 nanorods exhibit stable cycling performance and attain a capacity of about 172 and 193 mAh g(-1) on the first charge; respectively, in the voltage range of 3-0 V. With the help of the conductive carbon layers, the carbon-coated anatase TiO2 delivers more capacity at high rates, 104 mAh g(-1) at the 10 C-rate (3.3 A g(-1)), 82 mAh g(-1) at the 30 C-rate (10 A g(-1)), and 53 mAh g(-1) at the 100 C-rate (33 A g(-1)). By contrast, the anode of bare anatase TiO2 nanorods delivers only about 38 mAh g(-1) at the 10 C-rate (3.3 A g(-1)). The excellent cyclability and high-rate capability are the result of a Na+ insertion and extraction reaction into the host structure coupled with Ti4+/3+ redox reaction, as revealed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy.
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