Quantification of nicotine and major solvents in retail electronic cigarette fluids and vaped aerosols
- Authors
- Dai, Jun; Kim, Ki-Hyun; Szulejko, Jan E.; Jo, Sang-Hee; Kwon, Kyenghee; Choi, Dal Woong
- Issue Date
- Jul-2018
- Publisher
- ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
- Keywords
- E-cigarette; Nicotine; Commercial e-liquids; Aerosol; Vaping; Emission factor
- Citation
- MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL, v.140, pp.262 - 268
- Indexed
- SCIE
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
- Volume
- 140
- Start Page
- 262
- End Page
- 268
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/hanyang/handle/2021.sw.hanyang/3078
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.microc.2018.04.028
- ISSN
- 0026-265X
- Abstract
- The main ingredients used in e-liquid formulations (propylene glycol (PG), vegetable glycerol (VG), and nicotine (Nic)) in a total of 16 retail e-liquids (half containing nicotine)) were analyzed by an analytical method developed recently by our research group. The measured nicotine concentrations in e-liquids varied in a range of 5.7 to 14.7 mg g(-1) and differed up to 9.0% from the declared label concentrations (two tailed P = 0.5424 at a 0.05 confidence level). The concentrations of Nic and PG in vaped aerosol samples were lower (by an average of 12.7% and 17.4%, respectively) than those in e-liquid samples, while the opposite was true for VG (1.95% higher on average). The composition (w/w) of 16 retail e-liquids varied: 82.6 to 94.9% PG + VG (n = 16), 0.68 to 1.63% nicotine (n = 8), and 5.1 to 16.2% unidentified compounds (water, flavors, etc., n = 16). For the corresponding vaped aerosols, the results were: 75.4 to 92.1% PG + VG (n = 16), 0.57 to 1.47% nicotine (n = 8), and 7.86 to 24.0% unidentified compounds (water, flavors, etc., n = 16). The relative proportion of unidentified compounds in vaped aerosols was two times higher than those in e-liquids. The mean nicotine vaping emission factor (39.6 mu g puff(-1)) was about two times lower than that of a Kentucky 2R4F reference cigarette (75 mu g puff(-1)). The measured e-cigarette vaping emission factors varied in a range of 22.5-61.5 mu g Nic puff(-1) (n = 8), 1.04-2.45 mg PG puff(-1) (n = 16), and 1.35-2.09 mg VG puff(-1) (n = 16).
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