Unusual Na+ Ion Intercalation/Deintercalation in Metal-Rich Cu1.8S for Na-Ion Batteries
- Authors
- Park, Hyunjung; Kwon, Jiseok; Choi, Heechae; Shin, Donghyeok; Song, Taeseup; Lou, Xiong Wen David
- Issue Date
- Mar-2018
- Publisher
- AMER CHEMICAL SOC
- Keywords
- metal sulfide; digenite Cu1.8S; intercalation; anode; sodium ion batteries
- Citation
- ACS NANO, v.12, no.3, pp.2827 - 2837
- Indexed
- SCIE
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- ACS NANO
- Volume
- 12
- Number
- 3
- Start Page
- 2827
- End Page
- 2837
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/hanyang/handle/2021.sw.hanyang/3922
- DOI
- 10.1021/acsnano.8b00118
- ISSN
- 1936-0851
- Abstract
- A key issue with Na-ion batteries is the development of active materials with stable electrochemical reversibility through the understanding of their sodium storage mechanisms. We report a sodium storage mechanism and properties of a new anode material, digenite Cu1.8S, based on its crystallographic study. It is revealed that copper sulfides (CuxS) can have metal-rich formulas (x ≥ 1.6), due to the unique oxidation state of +1 found in group 11 elements. These phases enable the unit cell to consist of all strong Cu–S bonds and no direct S–S bonds, which are vulnerable to external stress/strain that could result in bond cleavage as well as decomposition. Because of its structural rigidness, the Cu1.8S shows an intercalation/deintercalation reaction mechanism even in a low potential window of 0.1–2.2 V versus Na/Na+ without irreversible phase transformation, which most of the metal sulfides experience through a conversion reaction mechanism. It uptakes, on average, 1.4 Na+ ions per unit cell (∼250 mAh g–1) and exhibits ∼100% retention over 1000 cycles at 2C in a tuned voltage range of 0.5–2.2 V through an overall solid solution reaction with negligible phase separation.
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