상부사 “아직”, “이미”, “벌써”의 의미와 화용 비교

Abstract

In this study I claim that acik ‘still’ and imi ‘already’ are not in a dualityrelationship. In some cases, the negation of a sentence with imi hasthe same meaning as the corresponding sentence with acik not, just becausethe context introduces a couple of temporally ordered situationtypes. A sentence with imi and one with acik share the same appropriatenessconditions in which there is a series of situation types (..., Q,... P, ...) in which one, say P, is a topic and there are some others precedingit. And for a topic time t, the issue is whether the topic situationtype is realized at t. imi(t,P) asserts that the situation type P isalready realized at t. For a situation type Q which precedes P, acik(t,Q), which entails ‘¬P(t)’, asserts that the situation type P is not yetrealized. This analysis applies to cases where more than two situationtypes are involved. pelsse ‘already’ can be compared with imi in that itdoes not require any topic situation, while both of them can be usedwithout much meaning difference in some cases. pelsse(t, P) means thatP holds at t and t is prior to the time at which P is expected to be realized,or to the topic time. When pelsse is used with the latter meaning,it can be replaced with imi.