상황의미론의 존재론과 증거성의 해석: 한국어 ‘-더-’의 경우

Abstract

This paper, as an extension of Lim (2014), proposes a (simplified) formal model of situations in situation semantics, which is assumed to be required in the interpretation of Korean direct evidential -te-. With this formal model, this paper provides a basic ontological definition of situations, and argues that situations can be ‘lumped’ into a bigger situation when there is a causal relation between them, and when an intended cause situation will continue to the naturally expected result situation (which is called efficacy condition, following Copley and Harley 2015). Based on this model, this paper further argues that -te- can be felicitously used only when the speaker directly perceives part of the causal chain between situations, or the entire causal chain, and shows that this proposal can explain various examples which are problematic in previous analyses, including -te- with the past tense -ess- which introduces direct evidentiality, and -te- without any overt tense which introduces inferential evidentiality (contra Chung 2007, a.o.).