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Transitions in cast iron technology of the nomads in Mongolia

Authors
Gelegdorj, EregzenChunag, AmartuvshinGordon, Robert B.Park, Jang-Sik
Issue Date
Aug-2007
Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
Keywords
Mongolia; from Xiongnu to the Mongolian empire; cast iron; metallurgical microstructure; technical transition
Citation
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE, v.34, no.8, pp.1187 - 1196
Journal Title
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE
Volume
34
Number
8
Start Page
1187
End Page
1196
URI
https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/hongik/handle/2020.sw.hongik/23555
DOI
10.1016/j.jas.2006.10.007
ISSN
0305-4403
Abstract
Metallurgical study of seven cast iron artifacts recovered from sites of the former Xiongrm (BC 3rd to AD 1st), Turk (AD 6th to 8th), Khitan (AD 10th to 12th), and Mongolian empires (AD 12th to 15th) shows that the earlier Xiongnu and Turk artifacts were made of cast iron alloys of near eutectic composition. The later Khitan and Mongol objects had greatly reduced carbon content in the range of ultrahigh carbon steel rather than cast iron, and contained more than 0.5 mass % silicon as an alloying element. Inclusions high in sulfur, phosphorus or silicon are also present. These differences suggest that Mongolia experienced a technical transition a few centuries before the establishment of the Mongolian empire, which is in agreement with some written accounts. The microstructures of the cast iron artifacts are compared with the related archaeological and documentary evidence. The results Suggest that the use of fossil coal in smelting and the state policy of controlling iron production were the major factors responsible for the transition. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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