New high-energy-density GeTe-based anodes for Li-ion batteries

Abstract

A layered germanium telluride (GeTe) and its C-modified nanocomposite (GeTe-C) are synthesized by a simple solid-state synthesis technique, and their electrochemical behaviors for rechargeable lithiumion batteries (LIBs) are evaluated. Various ex situ analytical tools are employed to demonstrate the electrochemical Li-insertion/-extraction mechanisms of the electrodes. GeTe during Li-insertion exhibits two-step conversion/alloying reactions, and does not recombine after Li-extraction. Interestingly, although GeTe-C shows the same two-step conversion/alloying reactions during Li-insertion, Ge and Te fully recombine after Li-extraction. Owing to the full recombination reactions by the ongoing Li-cycling, GeTe-C shows excellent electrochemical Li-ion storage performances, such as highly reversible capacities (1st Li-insertion/-extraction capacity: 841/691 mA h g(-1) or 1767/1450 mA h cm(-3)), extremely rigid cycling durability (capacity retention: 97.8% after 100 cycling), and rapid rate-capabilities (940 mA h cm(-3) at 3C-rate). Therefore, the GeTe-C modified with layered GeTe and amorphous C is a promising anode material with a high energy density for high-performance LIBs.