GaSb nanocomposite: New high-performance anode material for Na- and K-ion batteries

Abstract

As representative next-generation secondary battery systems, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) are key candidates to achieve zero-carbon emission. Herein, we introduce a versatile GaSb nanocomposite anode for SIBs and PIBs. The performance and phase transition mechanism for GaSb, pure Ga, and Sb with Na and K ions are evaluated. Furthermore, three-step nanoconfinement and stabilization of GaSb crystallites are achieved in the GaSb nanocomposite. The nanostructure of the GaSb nanocomposite, consisting of approximately 2-4 nm GaSb crystallites uniformly distributed in an amorphous carbon matrix, promotes the electrochemical reaction kinetics with Na and K ions, and the chemical and mechanical stabilities of the GaSb nanocomposite electrodes. The GaSb nanocomposite anode possesses highly reversible initial volumetric and gravimetric capacities and superior high-rate capabilities. In this study, we offer new insights into the phase transition mechanisms of GaSb with Na and K ions and promising performance GaSb nanocomposite anodes for SIBs and PIBs.