Bilayer electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol)-gelatin mat and biphasic calcium phosphate-pectin-gelatin hydrogel for application in bone hemorrhage

Abstract

A bilayer composite scaffold consisting of a biphasic calcium phosphate-pectin-gelatin hydrogel and an electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol)-gelatin matrix was developed and investigated for application in bone hemorrhage. The aim of this research is to develop a new biomaterial system that provides a hemostatic effect on bone hemorrhage and does not interfere with native bone regeneration. The role of electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol)-gelatin in scaffolds is to provide the covering of the wound, while encapsulation and absorption of red blood cells are attributed to the biphasic calcium phosphate-pectin-gelatin hydrogel. Cell viability and cell proliferation were assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, Live/Dead assay, and immunofluorescence assay using pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells. The effects with and without hemostatic bilayer scaffolds on rat calvaria were compared at 1 and 3weeks. The hemostatic bilayer agent showed good blood absorption behavior and efficient bone healing properties after 3weeks, as observed by micro-computed tomography and hematoxylin and eosin staining.