주의력결핍/과잉행동장애 하위유형에 따른 단기기억과 작업기억의 비교

Abstract

Objectives: This study investigated the differences of short-term and working memory among the subtypes of ADHD. Methods: Eighty-one children and adolescents with ADHD and thirty normal controls were recruited. Children with any cognitive disorders and low intelligence were excluded. In order to evaluate the verbal and visuospatial short-term and working memory, Digit span and Finger windows tasks were measured, respectively. Performances on these measures between children with ADHD and controls were compared. Further, performances among the groups of ADHD predominantly inattentive (N=40, ADHD-IA), predominantly hyperactive-impulsive (N=10, ADHD-HI), and combined type (N=31, ADHD-C) were compared. Results: Scores of Finger windows forward task were lower in the ADHD group in comparison to the control group, whereas, the Digit span forward showed no difference. Both, scores of Digit span backward and Finger windows backward task were lower in the ADHD group than the co ntrols. Children with ADHD-IA performed poorer on the Finger windows backward task in comparison to children with ADHD-C. Conclusion: The results of this study show that children with ADHD have deficits in spatial short-term memory and verbal and visuospatial working memory when compared to normal children. The deficits were evident in children with ADHD-IA subtype and in particular, performance on the visuospatial working memory task in this group was poorer than the ADHD-C group.