박은식의 민족과 세계 인식 －경쟁과 공생의 이중주－

Abstract

This paper deals with Park Eun Sik's Understanding of the relations of Korean independence movement and world peace. And this deals with the problems in the ideas of struggle for survival, Korean nationality, imperialism, human rights, world peace, confucian morality and coexistence. Many scholars, who criticize the negative aspects of Korean nationalism, argued that Korean nationalism was so chauvinistic, anti－humanistic and anti－democratic. Their arguments are not based, in my opinion, on the real history of modern Korean intellectuals. Especially Park, being a confucian scholar who believed the eternity of general morality, tried to solve the national problems on the principle of world peace and human right. Thinking and struggling for Korean independence against Japanese imperialism, he also emphasized the value of peace, coexistence, human right, love and morality. For him, Korean independence was not inconsistent with the general values such as world peace, democracy, equality and coexistence. Park’s thoughts was developed by the changes of Korean surroundings and his behaviors. There were three phases. From 1905 to 1910, both the idea of self－strengthening on social darwinism and the idea of Great Same on confucian moralism appeared in his enlightenment movement for Korean wealth and power. From 1911 to 1918, he studied Korean history and acted for Korean independence. In his historical books, Korean nation and Manchurian nation were recognized as one nation, called by ‘Great Eastern Nation’. ‘The equalitarianism of human rights in the world' was suggested as a leading idea of Korean independence movement. After March First Movement(in 1919), he thought that humanism, democracy and world peace were coming true. Russian revolution, non-violence movement by Indira Gahndhi, national independence movement of weak nations and democratic movement in imperialistic nations were all meant by that the imperialism was conquered by humanistic idea. Korean independence movement was recognized as the one of peace making movement. And it was not an anti－Japanese movement but an anti-Japanese imperialism. Democratic Japan shall be a friendly nation with independent Korea Both Korea and Japan should cooperate for world peace. He suggested that Korean independence movement was not an anti-Japanese movement but a pro－Japanese movement. In conclusion, the chauvinistic, totalitarianistic and anti－humanistic characteristics of nationalism were not found in Park Eun Sik's thoughts.