Rheumatoid factor is associated with severe COVID-19
- Authors
- Jeong, Hyemin; Baek, Ae Rin; Park, Sung Woo; Kim, Tark; Choo, Eun Ju; Jeon, Chan Hong
- Issue Date
- May-2023
- Publisher
- Blackwell Publishing Inc.
- Keywords
- antinuclear antibody; COVID-19; rheumatoid factor
- Citation
- International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases, v.26, no.5, pp 850 - 861
- Pages
- 12
- Journal Title
- International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases
- Volume
- 26
- Number
- 5
- Start Page
- 850
- End Page
- 861
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/sch/handle/2021.sw.sch/22576
- DOI
- 10.1111/1756-185X.14647
- ISSN
- 1756-1841
1756-185X
- Abstract
- Aim: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been proposed as triggering autoimmunity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence and clinical significance of autoantibodies in patients with COVID-19.Methods: We retrospectively collected data from 245 patients who were hospitalized for COVID-19. All patients were tested for the presence of antinuclear antibody (ANA), rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA), and anti-cytoplasmic neutrophil antibody (ANCA). Risk factors for death and critical COVID-19, defined as the need for invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, were analyzed.Results: Ninety (36.7%) patients tested positive for ANA, and 51 (20.8%) patients tested positive for RF. Three patients each (1.2%) tested positive for ACPA and ANCA. RF-positive patients had higher rates of invasive mechanical ventilation and death than RF-negative patients (70.6% vs 28.4%, P < 0.001 and 45.1% vs 18.6%, P < 0.001, respectively). Underlying lung disease, kidney disease, heart disease, quick COVID severity index (qCSI), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were associated with in-hospital death. RF (odds ratio [OR] 7.31, 95% CI 2.50-21.37, P < 0.001), qCSI (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.19-1.69, P < 0.001), and LDH (OR 1.004, 95% CI 1.002-1.005, P < 0.001) were associated with critical COVID-19. Combination of RF, qCSI, and LDH showed good prognostic value (area under the curve = 0.903, P < 0.001) for critical COVID-19.Conclusions: ANA and RF were frequently detected in COVID-19 patients. RF could be a risk factor for critical COVID-19. The results of this study suggest immune dysfunction contributes to the complications of COVID-19.
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