Racial and Regional Disparities Surrounding In-Hospital Mortality among Patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Evidence from NIS Sample in 2020
- Authors
- Kim, Sun Jung; Medina, Mar; Park, Jeong-Hui; Chang, Jongwha
- Issue Date
- Jul-2023
- Publisher
- SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG
- Keywords
- Health disparities; Hospital mortality; COVID-19; NIS
- Citation
- JOURNAL OF RACIAL AND ETHNIC HEALTH DISPARITIES
- Journal Title
- JOURNAL OF RACIAL AND ETHNIC HEALTH DISPARITIES
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/sch/handle/2021.sw.sch/25303
- DOI
- 10.1007/s40615-023-01707-1
- ISSN
- 2197-3792
2196-8837
- Abstract
- ObjectiveThis study explores differences in COVID-19 in-hospital mortality rates by patient and geographic factors to identify at-risk populations and analyze how strained health disparities were exacerbated during the pandemic.MethodsThe latest 2020 United States National Inpatient Sample (NIS) data was used to obtain a population-based estimate for patients with COVID-19. We conducted a cross-sectional retrospective data analysis, and sampling weights were used for all statistical analyses to represent nationwide in-hospital mortality of patients with COVID-19. We used multivariate logistic regression models to identify predictors for how patients with COVID-19 are associated with in-hospital death.ResultsOf 200,531 patients, 88.9% did not have an in-hospital death (n=178,369), and 11.1% had in-hospital death (n=22,162). Patients older than 70 were 10 times more likely to have an in-hospital death than patients younger than 40 (p<0.001). Male patients were 37% more likely to have an in-hospital death than female patients (p<0.001). Hispanic patients were 25% more likely to have in-hospital deaths than White patients (p<0.001). In the sub-analysis, Hispanic patients in the 50-60, 60-70, and 70 age groups were 32%, 34%, and 24%, respectively, more likely to have in-hospital death than White patients (p<0.001). Patients with hypertension and diabetes were 69% and 29%, respectively, more likely to have in-hospital death than patients without hypertension and diabetes.ConclusionHealth disparities in the COVID-19 pandemic occurred across races and regions and must be addressed to prevent future deaths. Age and comorbidities like diabetes have a well-established link to increased disease severity, and we have linked both to higher mortality risk. Low-income patients had a significantly increased risk of in-hospital death starting at over 40 years old.
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Collections - College of Medical Sciences > Department of Health Administration and Management > 1. Journal Articles
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